A vertical lathe is a common type of machine tool with specific construction and functional characteristics. The following is an overview of the construction and functional characteristics of vertical lathes:
Construction characteristics:

1. Spindle: The spindle of a vertical lathe is located in a direction perpendicular to the workbench. It usually moves up and down along the column to process the workpiece.
2. Lathe bed: The lathe bed is the main support structure of a vertical lathe. It is usually made of high-strength cast iron and has stable rigidity and shock-absorbing properties.
3. Upright column: The upright column of the vertical lathe supports the spindle box and worktable, provides a stable mechanical structure, and supports the transmission of tool holder and cutting force.
4. Tool holder and feeding system: The tool holder is used to hold cutting tools and perform cutting operations on the spindle. The feed system controls the movement of the tool holder in the longitudinal and transverse directions to realize the cutting process of the workpiece.
5. Workbench: The workbench is a platform for workpiece clamping, located on the bed of a vertical lathe. The workbench can be moved manually or automatically to adapt to different processing needs.

Features:

1. Cutting capacity: Vertical lathes have large cutting capacity and are suitable for processing workpieces with larger diameters.
2. Processing accuracy: Vertical lathes have high processing accuracy and can achieve precise processing requirements.
3. Adaptability: Vertical lathes can adapt to the processing of different types and shapes of workpieces and have high flexibility.
4. Tool diversity: Vertical lathes can choose cutting tools of different types and sizes to meet different processing needs.
5. Cutting stability: The vertical lathe has a stable structure and the cutting process is relatively stable, which is beneficial to improving cutting efficiency and processing quality.
6. Processing efficiency: Vertical lathes have high efficiency and production capacity when processing large workpieces.

It should be noted that different models and brands of vertical lathes may have some differences, such as maximum processing diameter, spindle speed range, feed speed, etc. When selecting and using a vertical lathe, you need to select the appropriate machine tool model and configuration based on the specific processing needs and workpiece requirements.