A vertical CNC lathe is a CNC machine tool whose structure includes the following main components:

1. Lathe bed (bed frame): The lathe bed is the main frame of the CNC lathe, supporting and fixing other components. It is usually made of cast iron or welded steel plate and has sufficient rigidity and stability.

2. Spindle (spindle box): The spindle is the core component of the CNC lathe and is responsible for rotating the tool for processing. The spindle box includes the spindle, spindle bearings, spindle motor, etc. The spindle can precisely control the rotation speed and direction through the CNC system.

3. Workbench: The CNC lathe workbench is a platform on which the workpiece is placed. It can move on the X, Y, and Z axes to process the workpiece in all directions. There are usually clamps or clamp slots on the workbench to hold the workpiece.

4. Turret: The CNC lathe turret is a storage and switching device for tools. On a vertical CNC lathe, the tool turret is usually fixed on the beam and can be moved up and down along the beam to facilitate the replacement of different types of tools.

5. Guide rail system: The CNC lathe guide rail system is responsible for guiding and supporting the movement of worktables, turrets and other components to ensure the accuracy and stability of their movements. Guide rails usually use linear guide rails and ball screws.

6. CNC system: CNC system is the intelligent control core of CNC lathes, including control units, input devices, output devices, etc. The CNC system can accept the processing program input by the user and achieve precise processing of the workpiece by controlling the motors of each axis.

7. Cooling system: The CNC lathe cooling system is used to cool the heat generated during the cutting process, prevent the workpiece and tool from overheating, and improve the processing quality and tool life. Cooling fluid or cooling oil is usually used for cooling.

8. Lubrication system: The CNC lathe lubrication system is used to lubricate various moving parts of the machine tool, reduce friction, and improve movement accuracy and lifespan.

9. Operating console: The CNC lathe operating console is an interface for operators to input CNC programs, operate and monitor machine tools. Usually includes devices such as keyboards and displays.

10. Electrical cabinet: The electrical cabinet of the CNC lathe is equipped with the electronic components, cables, etc. required for the CNC system to protect these equipment from interference from the external environment.

These components work together to enable the vertical CNC lathe to achieve high-precision and efficient CNC machining.