The factors that affect the working accuracy of precision CNC vertical lathe are as follows:

1. Machine tool structure and rigidity: The structure and rigidity of machine tools are one of the key factors affecting machining accuracy. The design, manufacture and assembly quality of the machine tool directly affect the stability and rigidity of the machine tool, and then affect its working accuracy. High-rigidity machine tools can reduce vibration and deformation and improve machining accuracy.
2. Precision and stability of CNC system: CNC system controls the precision and stability of machine tool movement. The accuracy of the CNC system, the resolution of the feedback system and the stability of the control algorithm will all have an impact on the working accuracy of vertical lathe processing. The high-precision and stable CNC system can realize precise motion control, thereby improving the machining accuracy.
3. Tool and tool edge wear: The quality and wear state of the tool will also have an important impact on the accuracy of vertical turning. The design of the tool, the manufacturing accuracy and the degree of wear of the cutting edge will all affect the roughness and dimensional accuracy of the machined surface. Regular inspection and replacement of severely worn tools to keep them in good condition helps to improve work accuracy.
4. Workpiece material and workpiece stiffness: The material and stiffness of the workpiece will also affect the machining accuracy. The hardness of the material, the cutting performance and the rigidity of the workpiece all affect the cutting force and vibration, which in turn affects the precision of the machining. Selecting appropriate processing parameters and processes, as well as reasonable workpiece clamping methods can improve working accuracy.
5. Processing environment and temperature changes: The processing environment and temperature changes are also factors that affect the machining accuracy of vertical lathes. Changes in temperature can cause thermal expansion and contraction of machine tools and workpieces, causing dimensional deviations. Therefore, it is necessary to control the temperature and humidity of the processing environment, and take temperature compensation measures to maintain the stability of processing accuracy.

In summary, factors such as machine tool structure and rigidity, CNC system precision and stability, tool state, workpiece material and rigidity, and processing environment and temperature changes will all affect the working accuracy of precision CNC vertical lathes. Reasonable selection of equipment, optimization of processing parameters and processes, and proper maintenance can improve processing accuracy and meet the requirements of precision processing.