The structure of CNC vertical lathe mainly includes the following parts:

1. Lathe bed: The lathe bed is the main structure of the CNC vertical lathe, which plays the role of support and rigidity. Its material is usually high-strength cast iron or steel, and its surface is precision machined to achieve high precision and rigidity.

2. Spindle components: CNC vertical lathe spindle components mainly consist of spindle, spindle bearings and main transmission device. Its main function is to transmit cutting force and torque to ensure that CNC vertical lathe can achieve high-speed and high-precision processing.

3. Tool holder: The tool holder is an important part of the CNC vertical lathe for cutting. It usually consists of a base, a support mechanism and a cutting tool. Commonly used types of tool rests in CNC vertical lathes include square tool rests, hexagonal tool rests, and cutterhead tool rests.

4. Workpiece clamping device: CNC vertical lathe workpiece clamping device is used to ensure processing accuracy and stability. Commonly used clamping methods include chuck clamping, pneumatic clamping and hydraulic clamping.

5. Loading and unloading device: The CNC vertical lathe loading and unloading device helps operators efficiently complete the loading and unloading of workpieces. Commonly used loading and unloading methods include manual loading and unloading, semi-automatic and fully automatic loading and unloading.

In addition, the CNC vertical lathe also includes supporting components (such as columns and worktables), control systems, servo systems, automatic tool changing devices, automatic pallet changing systems, and auxiliary systems. These parts work together to achieve high-precision and high-efficiency processing of CNC vertical lathes.

Please note that different models of CNC vertical lathes may have differences in specific structures. Therefore, during actual operation and maintenance, it is recommended to refer to the specific equipment manual or consult relevant technical personnel.