The accuracy of a vertical CNC lathe is affected by many factors, including the performance of the machine tool itself, the status of the tool, the characteristics of the workpiece material, and the accuracy of the programming technology. The following is a detailed analysis:

1. Machine tool error: Vertical CNC lathe error is one of the key factors affecting the accuracy of vertical CNC lathe. Machine tool errors mainly come from deviations in the design, manufacturing and assembly processes of machine tool structures, as well as wear and deformation of machine tools during use. The accuracy deviation, wear and shape deviation of working parts such as guide rails, threaded bars, gears, etc., as well as factors such as thermal deformation, vibration and stability of the vertical CNC lathe itself, will have a significant impact on the machining accuracy.

2. Tool factors: Tools are an important part of CNC lathe processing. Factors such as their material, shape, edge parameters, and edge wear will have a great impact on the machining accuracy. The hardness, strength and toughness of vertical CNC lathe tools need to meet processing requirements to ensure cutting quality and accuracy. At the same time, the selection of the shape and parameters of the tool should be determined according to the specific processing requirements and the contour shape of the workpiece to ensure processing accuracy and surface finish.

3. Workpiece material: The physical properties of the vertical CNC lathe workpiece material, such as hardness, strength, toughness and thermal expansion coefficient, will also affect the machining accuracy. Vertical CNC lathes have different processing characteristics of different materials and require different processing parameters and strategies to ensure processing accuracy.

4. Programming technology: The accuracy of vertical CNC lathe programming technology directly affects the shape accuracy and position accuracy of parts. The rigor and accuracy of programming procedures are crucial to machining accuracy. If the programming program contains errors or is unreasonable, the machining accuracy may decrease.

In addition, there are some other factors that will also affect the accuracy of vertical CNC lathes, such as the stability of the machine tool structure, the temperature and humidity of the processing environment, etc. The stability of the machine tool structure has an important impact on the machining accuracy. If the vertical CNC lathe structure is not rigid enough, it will be easily disturbed by external forces, resulting in a decrease in machining accuracy. The temperature and humidity of the processing environment will also affect the accuracy of CNC machine tools. If the temperature is too high, it may cause the machine tool to deform, thus affecting the processing accuracy.

To sum up, in order to maintain and improve the machining accuracy of vertical CNC lathes, it is necessary to comprehensively consider machine tools, cutting tools, workpiece materials, programming technology and other related factors, and carry out reasonable maintenance and adjustments. At the same time, it is also very important to regularly conduct accuracy testing and calibration of machine tools.