As a common mechanical equipment, vertical lathes are mainly used for processing center holes, cylindrical surfaces and other parts. In the working process of a vertical lathe, the speed change of the worktable is a very important factor. So, how is the speed change of the vertical lathe worktable achieved?
First, we need to understand the basic structure of a vertical lathe. Vertical lathes generally consist of a spindle box, a lifting table, a ram, a bed, a workbench, etc. Among them, the workbench plays the role of fixing the workpiece. Under different processing needs, the rotation speed of the workbench needs to be adjusted.
In terms of speed change of vertical lathe worktables, there are currently three main implementation methods. The first is to use a mechanical gearbox to achieve power output at different speeds through mechanical transmission. Mechanical gearboxes are usually composed of multiple sets of gears, and different speed selections are achieved by adjusting different combinations of gears. The advantages of the mechanical gearbox are simple structure and high transmission efficiency, but the speed adjustment step is large, which limits the speed adjustment range.
The second is to use a hydraulic transmission to adjust the flow through pressure control of the hydraulic system, thereby achieving changes in rotational speed. The hydraulic transmission consists of an oil pump, a flow control valve, a torque converter and a working mechanism. The speed regulation accuracy of the hydraulic transmission is high, which can reach the millimeter level, but it requires a large amount of hydraulic oil and also has the problem of large energy loss.
The third method is to use electronic speed change to realize changes in the worktable speed by adjusting the speed of the motor. Electronic speed change technology mainly includes silicon controlled rectifiers, DC speed regulators and frequency converters. A silicon controlled rectifier is a resistive speed regulator that regulates speed by changing the current of the motor. The DC speed regulator uses the back electromotive force principle to achieve speed regulation. It has high speed regulation accuracy, but it is large in size and has a short lifespan. Frequency converter is currently the most widely used electronic transmission. It can realize stepless adjustment of motor speed and has the advantages of wide speed regulation range, small speed change steps, and smooth speed regulation.
To sum up, there are various speed changing methods for vertical lathe worktables. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology, more advanced speed changing technologies will appear to provide better support and guarantee for the operation of vertical lathes.