The reverse error of a precision CNC lathe refers to the difference between the actual position and the expected position when the CNC lathe performs positioning movement. This error is usually caused by some factors of the machine tool, which affects the accuracy of workpiece processing. Specifically, the reverse error involves the error generated when the machine tool executes the instructions after the CNC system receives the instructions.

The main factors include:

1. Clearances in the transmission system of CNC lathes: In the transmission system of CNC lathes, such as screws and guide rails, there are some small gaps or looseness. These gaps may cause the transmission system to not respond immediately when the machine tool moves in reverse direction, causing position deviation.

2. CNC lathe rigidity: The rigidity of the machine tool refers to the degree of deformation of the machine tool during processing. Machine tools with poor rigidity may produce bending or vibration during movement, affecting the accuracy of reverse movement.

3. CNC lathe screw return clearance: The screw of some CNC lathes may have a return clearance, which will cause a short period of uncontrolled movement during reverse movement, causing reverse errors.

4. Accuracy of the CNC system: The accuracy of the CNC system itself is also a factor that affects the reverse error. The control algorithm of the CNC system, the accuracy of the encoder and the performance of the feedback system will all have an impact on the accuracy of the final positioning.

In order to reduce the reverse error of precision CNC lathes, manufacturers usually take a series of measures, including optimizing the transmission system, improving machine tool rigidity, reducing return clearance, etc. In addition, regular maintenance and calibration are also important steps to ensure the stability and accuracy of the CNC system.

In practical applications, operators may need to check and adjust machine tools through regular calibration procedures to ensure that their performance and accuracy are at their best, thereby reducing the impact of reverse errors on processing quality.